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Desegregation Indicators Overview
The Desegregation Indicators Overview
After Brown v. Board of Education, courts used a set of broad measures, later known as the Green Factors, to judge whether school boards were making real progress in desegregation. Today, these factors, often called "desegregation indicators", serve as benchmarks for determining whether a district has achieved "unitary status" by eliminating the vestiges of segregation.
Faculty and Staff
Faculty and Staff examines whether the recruitment, hiring, assignment, retention, and promotion of teachers and staff are carried out in ways that support diversity and ensure equal representation across schools. This also includes providing relevant support and professional development opportunities for all faculty and staff.
Student Assignment
Student Assignment looks at how students are placed in schools to confirm that assignment practices promote racial balance and equal access to educational opportunities, including gifted, honors, advanced, special education, and English learner services. It focuses on whether student representation in these areas aligns with school and district enrollment patterns.
Facilities
Facilities involves the quality, condition, and distribution of school buildings and resources to ensure all students learn in safe, well-maintained, and comparable environments regardless of school demographics.
Transportation
Transportation that supports desegregation efforts ensures all students have fair access to school, regardless of where they live. This involves evaluating bus routes, ride times, and access to ensure that transportation services are equitable and do not create or reinforce racial segregation among schools.
Extracurricular Activities
Extracurriculars involve student participation in athletics, clubs, and other enrichment activities to ensure all students have fair access and representation across programs and opportunities.
State Resources
Alabama
Arkansas
Florida
Georgia
Louisiana
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
Washington D.C.
Miles To Go

ALL RESOURCES

The “All Resources” page provides a centralized hub for educators and education leaders, offering a curated collection of articles, guides, toolkits, webinars, and more. Covering topics such as teacher recruitment and retention, language education, mental health, safety, orientation, and community engagement, the repository equips users with practical tools to advance equity, inclusivity, and excellence in education.

National Origin

Supporting and Affirming Immigrant Students and Families

Race

Teaching Hard History: Building Better Lessons About Slavery

School Discipline

Establishing Policies and Procedures to Eliminate the Use of Exclusionary Discipline Practices in Early Childhood Programs

Language, Education

Best Practices for Serving English Language Learners and Their Families

Race, Gender

Teaching Hard History Grades K-5

Mental Health, Teaching/Learning

How Educators Play a Role in Preventing ACES (Adverse Childhood Experiences)

Race, Gender

Guiding Principles for Creating Safe, Inclusive, Supportive, and Fair School Climates

School Discipline

Revising School Discipline Policies and Procedures to Promote Equity

Mental Health, Safety

Bullying Prevention Training Center

Race, Gender

Success Gaps Handbook: Addressing Equity Inclusion, and Opportunity

Race

Methods for Assessing Racial/Ethnic Disproportionality in Special Education: A Technical Assistance Guide (Revised)

Mental Health

Creating Trauma-Informed Schools

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